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3.3 Data Collection Methods

Getting Information

  • Businesses often need to collect information before making decisions.
  • The information needs to be accurate, timely, and relevant to the businesses needs.
  • We can categorise collection methods into primary or secondary.

Primary Data Collection

Primary data collection is when you gather new, original data yourself for a specific purpose.

Advantages
  • Can be highly specific to the business’s needs
  • Up-to-date
  • You can control how the data is collected, improving accuracy
  • More reliable because you know the source
Disadvantages
  • Large samples are needed for accuracy
  • Often more expensive (e.g., printing surveys, travelling)
  • Time-consuming to gather and analyse
  • Can be difficult to administer and get right

Types of primary data collection

Click on a button to show information about different types of primary data collection.

Email
Interview
Questionnaire
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Email

Emails can be sent out which contain an interactive form or link to an online survey.

This is essentially an electronic questionnaire.

Responses can be automatically added to a database for efficient processing.

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Interview

A conversation where the interviewer asks questions of the interviewee.

Usually a mixture of open and closed questions.

Answers will usually be manually entered into software.

Illustration of a Questionnaire on a clipboard

Questionnaire

An online or paper-based set of questions.

The results are usually transferred into a database or spreadsheet for analysis.


Secondary Data Collection

Secondary data collection is when you use data that someone else has already collected.

Advantages
  • Usually quick to access
  • Often cheap or free
  • Useful for getting background information
  • Can provide large amounts of data from trusted organisations (e.g., government)
Disadvantages
  • Data may be out of date
  • Not always relevant to your exact needs
  • Can be less reliable if the source is unknown or biased
  • You have no control over how the data was collected

Types of secondary data collection

Click on a button to show information about different types of secondary data collection.

Books
Newspapers & Magazines
Government Statistics
Websites
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Books

Provide detailed information on a topic, and can be highly specialised.

The books may be printed or available in electronic format.

Illustration of a Newspaper

Newspapers & Magazines

Current events, trends, and public opinions can be obtained from newspapers and magazines.

Some specialist newspapers, such as the Financial Times, provide daily in-depth coverage on specific topics.

Magazines are usually published monthly, and often focus on a specific topic.

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Government Statistics

Official data collected and processed by the government.

E.g. employment rates and information.

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Websites

Quick and easy to access a wide range of information.

Useful for company info, customer reviews, or industry trends.


Quick Quiz

Click the purple circle to select your answer

What is a disadvantage of using email surveys?

Many people may ignore or delete them
They are free or cheap to send
They can reach a global audience
They allow attachments and links